Unit 10 Introductions and Conclusions Practica

Exercise Outline

I. Exercise is one of the activities to carry out as it helps with the appearance of the body, keeps the body healthy and it helps with depression

II. Keeps body healthy
A. it lowers the risk of various diseases
1. High blood pressure

B. Makes you stay at a healthy weight
1.Helps the heart exercise
2.Helps the mind exercise

III. Helps appearance of the body

A. Helps with weight loss for those who need it
1.Exercise is the easiest natural way to lose weight

B. makes skin look more healthy and stops wrinkles from appearing
1.leads to more confidence 

IV. Helps with depression

A. releases adrenaline and endorphins which makes the body feel good

B. Helps to gain confidence
1. More motivation to go out more
2. Makes daily routines easier 

V. Exercise has many benefits and will impact one's body no matter what 

Why is exercise important? 

Introduction

Exercise is a vital action that we all need in order to keep our bodies healthy. According to a study, people that do exercise tend to live a longer and healthier life.Exercise is one of the activities to carry out as it helps with the appearance of the body, keeps the body healthy and it helps with depression.

Main body

While we do any type of activity for half an hour to an hour,it can help out body to stay and be healthy. First of all, it lowers the risk of various diseases such as high blood pressure. This is because exercises gets the heart pumping and gets you breathing harder. It is important to recognise that the heart is the most important muscle in our body that helps pump blood around. Therefore, it keeps as at a healthy weight and is capable of reducing the risk of getting various diseases.

Exercises also helps with the appearance of the body and how it looks. Scientists say that it makes your skin look better and more healthy and stops wrinkles from appearing. In other words, it keeps you young and it helps people age well such as not getting osteoporosis (weakening of bones) at such an early age. While some bigger people will worry about their appearance, exercise is always the key solution to lose weight for those people who need it.

The most important thing of all that exercise helps with is depression. Depression can take hold of people's lives which makes them lose all sense of motivation to do anything but by going on a run or doing any type of activity that will get your heart rate up, your body releases adrenaline and endorphins which makes an individual feel good and happier. This will also lead to confidence and a better lifestyle as it will most likely make someone feel more motivational about going out and carrying out daily activities when endorphins are released.

Conclusion

Clearly, exercise has many benefits. Depending on the type of exercise, it will impact the body in a different way. From appearance, to releasing endorphins, exercise will always be beneficial for the body.

Unit 10 Introductions and Conclusions

Introduction

... usually five to ten sentences
... catches the reader interest - be attractive
... gives a general idea of the essay
... gives background information about the topic
...points out the THESIS STATEMENT

Conclusion - quite similar to introduction

... summarises the main points/ideas of the essay
... restates the thesis
...makes a final comment about the essay's main idea
...may emphasise an action that you would like the reader to take


Pg 74 Ex 5

a. restates the thesis (using different words) and makes a final comment about the essay's main idea
b. 'English owes some of its interesting and colourful vocabulary to African Americans' (the first sentence of the conclusion restates the thesis statement)

Pg 76 Ex 7

a.  This paragraph discusses health problems . Therefore, it introduces new information.
b. This one if the best concluding paragraph because it summarises how the British Culture has been influenced by other cultures.
c. This paragraph introduces new information which is not what a conclusion should be about.

Unit 9 Outlining an Essay

In this Unit, we will look at;

• the purpose of an outline
• how to write an outline

What's an outline? 

• A short list of the information that appears in your essay
• it begins with a thesis statement
• its show the organisation of the essay
• it tells you which ideas you will discuss (in order)
• It drafts a conclusion

Advantages

• Makes your organised
• You don't forget any important points

page 64 ex 1

Outline of an essay. page 66 ex 2 

Changing English: The African American Influence

I.  African Americans, too, have both contributed new words to English and changed the meanings of some existing words (thesis statement)

Task ex 6 pg 61 - 21/11

Exercise

Thesis Statement: Exercises is one of the activities to carry out as it helps with the appearance of the body, keeps the body healthy and it helps depression

Topic sentence: Keeps body healthy
2 supporting sentences: lowers risk of diseases, decreases the risk of high blood pressure

Topic Sentence: Helps appearance of the body
2 supporting sentences: helps with weight loss, makes skin look more healthy
Topic sentence:Helps with depression
2 supporting sentences: releases adrenaline, helps to gain confidence


Outline of exercise

I. Exercise is one of the activities to carry out as it helps with the appearance of the body, keeps the body healthy and it helps with depression 
II. Keeps body healthy
A. it lowers the risk of various diseases (e.g high blood pressure)
B. Makes you stay at a healthy weight

III. Helps appearance of the body
A. Helps with weight loss for those who need it
B. makes skin look more healthy and stops wrinkles from appearing

IV. Helps with depression
A. releases adrenaline and endorphins which makes the body feel good
B. Helps to gain confidence 

Unit 8 Task November

Government Surveillance

Con

Why? 

• Privacy is an issue/ violates human rights
• It can cost a lot
• It can't stop theft

Gun Ownership

Con

• They are unnecessary for society 
• Gun Ownership starts shootings/unnecessary shooting 
• Criminals have easy access 

Globalization

Pro

Why? 

• Employment
• Education
• It also brings opportunities for productive investment in high growth industries in developing countries. 

Changing your name 

Con

Why? 

• People will need to get used to it
• Have to change all documents which will take some time
• can't access files from the past

Thesis statements:

Government surveillance can be bad for society such as violating human rights, it can costs a lot and it it is not always possible to stop theft with them.

As a result of gun ownership, they are unnecessary for society,start unnecessary shooting and most importantly criminals have easy access. 

Globalization can have its very many advantages such as employment, education and it can also bring opportunities for productive investment in high growth industries in developing countries. 

Changing your name can have consequences such as many people will need to get used to the name, the need of having to change all documents, and you won't be able to access files from the past.

Unit 7 Practica Problem/Solution Climate Change

Climate change, is one of most serious problems in the world that we face today. Our small actions such as using cars when we do not need to, the burning of fossil fuels and coal has had a massive consequence on the planet we live in. Meanwhile, our actions have affected not only the planet but the animals that live within it.
For example, as the planet gets warmer, polar bears have to swim miles and miles to get to another platform of ice. The world is dying right at the hand of human beings and are are not doing anything about it. It is vital that we save the Earth for the next generation.

One solution to the problem is for people to use public transport. In this way, not a lot of cars are used and there is less carbon dioxide that goes into their air. Therefore, it is important to bring awareness for people so they are able to know how to do this. Even when people do not think about making a change, it will make a big change in the long run.

Another solution is renewable energy which does not include the idea of burning fuels and coal. For example, this idea has been about for a lot of years that has worked because according to studies, the planet would have been off worse if renewable energy did not exist. However, because of its existence there have been a major improvement in health, economic and climate.
In conclusion, climate change is a serious subject that should be tackled and with these solutions we can tackle it together.

Unit 7 November Practica

Pre-writing: Thinking about problems 

Pollution is a serious problem that has many disadvantages in the planet to this day. There are different types of pollution such as air pollution, water pollution,soil pollution, wind pollution etc. However, this problem can lead to serious problems such as allergies, climate change, diseases and several deaths of wildlife animals which will affect the whole of our ecosystem if we keep our actions the same.
The consequences of this problem are dangerous and need to be dealt with and stopped before it is too late.

One of the solutions to this problem is recycling everything we can due to the landfill filling rapidly. Various things such as plastic, cardboard, paper and glass have to be recycled due to the large variety of it ending in our oceans which harms the ecosystem of our marine species.
This leads me to my next solution of not littering. A grand majority of people litter throughout the street,which leads to a great deal of rubbish not being picked up and left on the roads.
Finally, due to litter being such a major cause of pollution, it is vital to dispose of household hazardous materials such as pesticides, fertilisers and paints in the correct manner as if it is not done correctly most of these materials can have a potential serious harm to the environment which we will feel the massive effect of.

In conclusion, it is a high importance to stop pollution by being aware of what has to be thrown away and where but by doing these solutions, the world will be a better place.

Unit 7 In Class Exercises/tasks

30/10/18

Developing Paragraphs (problems and solutions) - Tema 7

-different types of paragraphs
- sentences are grouped into paragraphs

1st half of paragraph is the problem
2nd paragraph will be solution

Make sure to have enough aspects to cover before starting to write the paragraph

How to look for information for this type of writing?  Different aspects
page 50 ex 3

a. air pollution
Problems: the effect on allergies, problem for environment, preserves the problem of health conditions, produces climate change, change in weather
b. traffic
Problems: overused, climate change (a lot of CO2 being released into the atmosphere) , being late, stress, pollution,
c. overcrowded classrooms
Problems: people disturbing, lack of personal space, people are noisy and cannot concentrate, taking part in the classes is quite difficult
d. Fracking
Problems: pollution (air and water), produces it is linked to earthquakes, not good for the environment, higher potential of oil spills which affects the soil around it
e. Overuse of the internet
Problems: lack of socialisation, no interaction, health issues

pg 50 ex 1

a. The first paragraph is developed by setting out and talking about the problem. The topic is deforestation.
The supporting ideas of this paragraph are; the importance of trees. They heal the environment. They are fuel and carry out suitable life and different details.

The controlling ideas is that plants are needed to make life possible and suitable.

b. The supporting ideas show the effects of deforestation.

c. The main idea of the second paragraph are the solutions of the problem of the general topic. The topic sentence is the solution of deforestation.

d. the controlling idea is one of the solution is use of paper.
3 Elements: reduce paper use, to recycle, to re-use old paper.

e.There is a conclusion in the second paragraph. We get a summary type of conclusion in the second paragraph.


Pre-writing: Thinking about problems 

Problem ideas: Lack of education, fracking, Climate change

Lack of education - Topic 

Controlling ideas 

• Necessary to have the knowledge and skills we require 
• To uphold norms and values
• To have a different perspective of looking at life 
• Gives us awareness about the surrounding world

Solutions

• More government funding into the educational system 
• Make education cheaper so those in the working class will be able to continue with their education
• Try different ways of teaching

What will happen in the future if there are no changes concerning that issue? 

• Lack of education will increase

Conditional Sentences 

e.g If you eat fish from polluted waters, you could get sick too

pg 52 ex 4,5,6,

Ex 4.

Scientists say that if deforestation continues...
If you follow three Rs ....
If you use less paper, fewer trees will be cut for paper making

Ex 5

a. If you don't use a map when you drive, you could get lost
b. Students will do badly in their exams if they don't get enough sleep
c. If you want to lose weight, exercise three times a week and don't eat junk food.
d. If you could fly there, it will be faster than taking the train
e.Many arguments can be avoided if you think before you speak
f.I will go to that film, if I find someone to go with me

Ex 6

a. If it rains this weekend, I will go to the cinema instead of the water park
b. If the library isn't open tomorrow, I will stay at home to study
c. If petrol prices increase even more, I will have to change my car
d.If I am busy all day today, I'll call you tonight
e.I heard that if you are the president of the school, you can me a lot of money
d.If they are coming with us, I won't go on holiday

06/11/18

Solution Paragraphs;

Ways to start solution phrases:

One solution to the problem is...
One answer is...
A second answer is...
A final answer is..

Pg 53 Ex 10

List of solutions;

a. We must reduce stress for secondary school students

• More revision  
• Smaller classrooms
• One to one meetings with teachers

In order to reduce stress for secondary school students, we could motivate students to do more revision and teachers should be able to do a revision sessions every once in  while. Another solution, is smaller classrooms which can lead to much more of a one-to-one situation which may make the student feel more at ease. 

A final answer is to be able to provide a one to one meetings with teachers so they can help you with progress and help you with any queries you may have.  

b. Teenagers spend so much time using their mobile phones that they are no longer skilled at face-to-face interaction

• Ban mobile phones
• Give lessons or conferences about the unhealthy lifestyles phones can give you
• Do not allow them to have their phone on them at all times.

In order to overcome this problem, a possibility would be to ban mobile phones until a certain age. However, this idea could bring controversy as teenagers need their mobile phone on them, in case of any emergencies. 

Another answer is to give lessons or conferences about the unhealthy lifestyles phones can give you which will spread awareness about this habit. 

Final solution may be to prohibit their phone on them at all time which may help them to not always be looking at their phones. 

c. In the next five to ten years, experts predict that there won't be enough doctors and nurses to meet hospitals' needs. 

• Bigger recruitment of doctors and nurses
• Advertise the importancy of being a nurse or doctor
• Go around the country to persuade people to join the medical career

d. We need to find ways to help protect young children from violence on television

• Do not let them watch violent content 
• Make sure a responsible person is in a room with them
• Have a system where violence content is shown, a code must be entered. 

Page 74 ex 11

Topic sentence:I need more money while I am at university
Weak, strong or OK solution?

Weak borrow money from my friends
Strong sell some of my things
Weak ask my parents for money
Weak go busking with my guitar
Strong get a part-time job
Weak drop out of university and get a full-time job
OK buy lottery tickets
OK ride my bike to university instead of using public transport
Weak ask my lecturers for money
Strong buy fewer CDs and clothes

Problem/solution Essay
Multiple Paragraphs

1st: State and define the problem
2nd: First possible solution
3rd: Suggest 2nd Solution
4th: Evaluate solutions (discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the solutions)
5th: Make a recommendation (if you think one of the solutions is better than the other and why)

09/11/18

Managing Tourism Growth 


A lot of countries have found out that the development of tourism industry and bring social and environment disadvantages. 
A high level tourism can not only lead to the effect of pollution but also have an effect on water, making it insufficient.

One solution to this problem is to be able to lure wealthier holidaymakers which will lead to the maximum profit from minimum numbers. On the other hand, there is a problem with this solution as only a short number of visitors are allowed but the market requires more.

Unit 6 October Practica

Seminar - 25/10
Poems of comparison

Figurative language in poems

Figurative language contains images. - to create interest, make things clearer
Examples of figurative language as metaphors, similes, and personification.

Similes- used when comparing two unlike things and contains using the words such as like or as
E.g. Emeralds are as green as grass, a ruby red as blood.

Metaphors- also compare two unlike things, but without like or as. 
E.g. The night is a black cat/ The moon is her tapaz eye.

Personification- gives human traits, characteristics or qualities to a non-human subject
E.g I thought I heard the city crying in its sleep

Topic ideas - a howling wind or a gentle breeze, a rainstorm or blizzard or a kind of animal or trains

Poems that are based on figurative language

Evaluation of poem - My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun - Sonnet 130

- Uses of similes . eg. 'My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun' - meaning her eyes are not bright (compared to the sun)

Sonnet 18

- Uses of similes e.g Shall I compare you to a summer's day?


Shall I compare thee to a stormy night
Thou thunders more noisy and temperate
Rough winds shaking the leaves out of the trees,

25/10/18

An alternative text with a point by point structure. pg 48 ex 11.

Doing sports and watching sport on TV both have definitive benefits for a student.
Doing sports can be considered a very healthy way of living as those that do sports are less likely to die from health problems. Another advantage of doing sports is making new friends and being sociable with other around you. It is also considered good for mental health and the body. On the other hand, there are also advantages for watching sports on TV. Firstly, it saves money and secondly it can be a way of motivation to move and proceed to carry out the sport being watched. Watching sports can improve the ability of communication and help you stay organised. So, if you are thinking about either watching sport or doing sport, they both have their benefits.


Do a poem 

Their fur as white as snow
Their hops as cute as thymes
Who could this be?
This animal I can't see

They seem to be huge and wild
Acting like a human on two legs
With their grow as loud as an alarm

Unit 6 In Class Exercises/Tasks

25/10/18

Comparison and Contrast 

Methods;

1) Block Method
2) Point by point

Structure

• Topic sentence - always decide topic sentence and make sure that you tell the reader what you are going to talk about and how you will compare them or contrast them. 
• The body- Once a topic sentence is chosen, make sure to have points to compare or contrast. Once this is done, the rough work can begin. 
• The Conclusion- A good sentence that reinforced the idea that were written at the beginning. 

Example Block Method - Like a mirror
Topic Sentence - The difference of the lecturing manner of Mr.Jones and Mr.Smith. - Contrast paragraph
Supportive points
Mr Jones - (positives) - 3 features described
First feature that is being analysed is how he speaks, he has a quite easy going style and he makes his teaching quite clearly

Mr Smith (Negatives) - 3 features described
 First feature that is being analysed is his voice, hates to be interrupted, lectures as not as interesting (negatives)

Key words: On the other hand, (using this for conclusion)

Example Point by Point - One positive points, one negative points, one positive point, one negative point.... and so on. - Moving from one to another aspect. The element that links both ideas is 'however' 

• Point by Point is organised differently but it makes the reader easier to follow our ideas but it depends on what our aim is. 

In general terms, a point by point method is better to show contrast. 

Adavantages and Disadvantages -we can choose to talk about either advantages or disadvantages to talk about a single element or perhaps two elements with comparing or contrasting.

Just with one element - the best is Block method

pg 48 ex 10 - Class 

Topic sentence - advantages about studying abroad and in your own country
Supporting elements -
Positives Challenges,courage, learning another language and socialisation, cultural reasons,understanding other when you are at home and being able to understand your own culture.
Negatives price, familiarity
One element or two elements? - Two elements (studying abroad and studying in your own country)
Block or point by point? - Block Method


Chapter 2.1 Argument and Discussion

1. Every year millions of students choose to study in a foreign country. This can have considerable benefits/advantages such as the change to experience another culture, but also involves certain drawbacks/disadvantages which may include feelings of isolation and homesickness. Another negative aspect may be the high cost, involving both bees and living expenses. However most students appear to find that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, and that the change to join an international group of student is a major benefit in developing a career.